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Spaying and neutering are critical procedures in the fight against pet overpopulation, but they also do so much more than that. For cat owners and advocates in Colorado, understanding the importance of these surgeries is essential not only for the well-being of individual cats but also for the health of the community. February is National Spay and Neuter Awareness Month, which makes now the purrfect time to reflect on the significance of these procedures and take action to support them. In this post, we’ll explain why spaying and neutering matters, highlight pertinent Colorado-specific data, laws, and resources, and explore the role these procedures play in ensuring a safe and healthy future for all cats.
The biggest benefit of spaying and neutering is helping to control the pet population. Population control has countless advantages, from reducing the number of homeless animals to improving overall community well-being.
Each year, millions of cats across the United States end up in shelters. Despite significant declines over the last few decades, an estimated 3.3 million cats entered shelters in 2023, according to Shelter Animals Count. Colorado contributes to this number with animal shelters statewide reporting significantly higher intake numbers since 2021, making overcrowding a continued and consistent concern. Considering that millions of pets were not spayed or neutered during the pandemic, it is increasingly important for pets to receive these surgeries and support the decrease in shelter populations.
Fortunately, spaying and neutering are simple, effective tools to prevent unwanted litters. Beyond population control, these procedures also offer additional health and behavioral benefits!
Spaying (most commonly removing the ovaries and uterus of female cats) and neutering (removing the testicles of male cats) offer numerous benefits:
Colorado has made significant strides in promoting spaying and neutering through state and local legislative action. The Pet Animal Care Facilities Act (PACFA), overseen by the Colorado Department of Agriculture, regulates shelters, rescues, and pet care facilities. PACFA mandates that all pet shelters and rescues spay or neuter each cat before releasing them to a new owner.
Cities also have local laws in place for spaying and neutering. For example, Denver requires cat owners to spay or neuter their cats by six months of age. Alternatively, owners can obtain an annual permit for unaltered cats while also complying with all licensing requirements. Breeding cats requires a separate license. Always check your local laws for specific requirements.
In Colorado, feral cat colonies pose unique challenges. These cats, often unsocialized and unadoptable, contribute significantly to overpopulation. Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs are a humane and effective solution. Through TNR, feral cats are trapped, spayed or neutered, vaccinated, and returned to their original location. This approach stabilizes colony sizes and reduces the number of kittens born in the wild. Cat Care Society rents traps to help support TNR efforts. These initiatives not only control populations but also improve the quality of life for feral cats by reducing health issues and reducing conflicts with humans.
Cat Care Society has long championed spaying and neutering as a critical part of its mission, performing over 400 spay/neuter surgeries in 2024. Every cat adopted through CCS is spayed or neutered before leaving the shelter (unless there is a documented medical reason preventing the procedure from being performed safely), ensuring that adopters take home a pet that will not contribute to overpopulation and have the best chance of living a healthy and happy life.
Despite widespread advocacy, myths about spaying and neutering persist. We address some common misconceptions below:
If you’re a cat owner or advocate in Colorado, there are several ways to contribute to the spay and neuter movement:
Spaying and neutering play a crucial role in shaping the future of animal welfare. In Colorado, a state known for its vibrant and dedicated pet-loving community, these procedures are essential to giving every cat the chance for a safe and healthy life.
By prioritizing spaying and neutering, we can reduce shelter intake numbers, minimize euthanasia rates, and improve the overall quality of life for cats across the state. Donating makes a tangible difference—for example, a $25 donation covers the cost of one neuter surgery here at Cat Care Society. Together, we can make Colorado a model of compassion and care for our cat community.
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and serves on the Board of Directors. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Is your cat constantly scratching or grooming themselves? Allergies could be the cause.
Just like humans, cats can suffer from food allergies, environmental allergies such as pollen, dander, mold, feathers, cleaning solutions, etc., as well as flea allergies. The incidence of allergies in cats has been rising, and determining the specific allergen can require some detective work and assistance from your vet.
In this post, we’ll explore the complexities of identifying cat allergies, discuss treatment options and share an inside look at how Cat Care Society (CCS) handles allergies in our shelter cats.
Regardless of the allergy trigger, the most common sign a cat has an allergy is itchy skin, which often leads to excessive scratching and overgrooming (or licking themselves, sometimes to the point that you may notice bald patches or hair loss, maybe even infection).
In most cats, flea bites cause only minor irritation in cats. However, if a cat has a flea allergy, it can trigger a severe reaction, resulting in excessive scratching, hair loss and the development of sores and scabs. Food and environmental allergies can cause similar symptoms of overgrooming and scratching. These open sores can become infected with bacteria, creating an even more significant issue. The scabs, known as miliary dermatitis, are named for their resemblance to millet seeds.
For example, Bitter, one of our shelter cats pictured below, came to CCS with miliary dermatitis all over her face and was a very itchy girl. After a couple of months and some adjustments to find the right treatment, her skin improved, and she is now a happy, friendly and playful kitty enjoying her new home.
At Cat Care Society, every cat with a suspected allergy has an allergy waiver included in his or her records. This waiver provides potential adopters with insights into what they might expect if they adopt the cat and includes useful information to share with their veterinarian for developing a long-term allergy management plan. If a cat remains in CCS’ care long enough to show positive results from the allergy protocol, the waiver is updated with details about the cat’s response and the suspected allergy status. See the example allergy waiver below.
This cat is being treated for allergies. Allergies may have multiple causes, including food or environmental causes. While humans generally develop upper respiratory allergies (runny nose, watery eyes), cats tend to develop skin allergies which leads to itchiness and scratching, which can cause secondary infections. This cat is currently being managed with antibiotics to treat the secondary infection and a corticosteroid called prednisolone that treats the allergy itself. He has also been placed on a special diet to help control any underlying food allergies. He will likely need long-term, ongoing treatment to manage his condition, and his skin may never fully resolve to that of a normal cat. The goal for cats with allergies is to minimize itchiness/discomfort and minimize secondary bacterial infections of the skin. Cats with allergies will sometimes have “flare-ups” requiring additional veterinary care, even when allergies are generally well controlled. Please share these medical records with your veterinarian and discuss what long-term management strategy will be most effective for this cat; most likely, he will need long-term management with daily medications and a prescription diet.
This condition is likely to require ongoing care and management. Please consult your vet regarding ongoing monitoring and management of this condition. CCS is not responsible for any further diagnostics or treatment regarding this condition.
If your cat has a suspected food allergy, your vet may recommend a dietary elimination trial to remove common allergens. There are also blood tests your veterinarian can run to help identify your cat’s allergy trigger. Once the trigger has been identified, treatment is often manageable by simply avoiding or eliminating the trigger, such as a specific food ingredient or household product.
For flea allergies, regular use of a flea control product can effectively prevent flea bites. If your cat has seasonal environmental allergies, your veterinarian can recommend the best management approach based on your cat’s specific needs. Since there is no cure for allergies — only treatment of symptoms to improve quality of life — it is important to monitor your cat for flare-ups so treatment can be adjusted as needed.
Dr. Cecily Palamara, CCS’ lead veterinarian, shared the approach her team takes with cats in the shelter suspected of having allergies. First, cats are typically identified by excessive scratching and grooming. Those cats are put in a special room together and fed prescription allergy food. They’re also given Atopica, a medication that suppresses the immune system but is generally safer than steroids with fewer side effects.
If you visit CCS, you’ll notice that some of the cats are wearing cones or donuts to help prevent overgrooming, allowing their scabs and wounds to heal properly. CCS’ medical team uses this multipronged approach to help alleviate symptoms as soon as possible and to help make the cats feel more comfortable. And it has proven to be very successful.
“In the shelter, our main goal is to make these cats comfortable quickly, give them the best chance of adoption and show their adopter that it can be managed,” Dr. Palamara said.
Additionally, many times, CCS takes in cats with limited or no documented history, so it’s initially unclear if there’s a behavioral issue causing the overgrooming, such as anxiety, arthritis or FIC (Feline Idiopathic Cystitis). One CCS cat, Chief Benja, is a great example of this type of situation. At first, the CCS medical team wasn’t sure if his overgrooming and hair loss on his back was due to a behavior issue or underlying pain and discomfort. After a behavioral and pain medication didn’t make a difference, they switched to their full allergy protocol, and now he has a full, healthy coat. In the picture below, you can see the hair growing back on Chief Benja’s side and leg. He is now thriving in his new forever home!
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, an estimated 10% to 20% of the global population is allergic to cats, making cat allergies the second most common indoor respiratory allergy, after house dust mites. The rising rates of cat allergies align with the growing number of Google searches for “hypoallergenic cats” over the past two decades. For those interested in hypoallergenic options, Sphynx cats, which are hairless, are among the closest you can get to a hypoallergenic cat, although their effectiveness can vary from person to person. This is because allergies can also be triggered by proteins in cat saliva and cat dander (dead skin flakes), not just fur. Every person’s body and allergy response is different, so it’s best to consult with your doctor to identify your specific allergy triggers and find an appropriate solution.
Dr. Palamara shared some comforting words for anyone interested in adopting a cat with allergies — or someone who already has a cat with them! “Allergy cats can be very challenging, but they can also be very, very rewarding,” she said. “Don’t overlook these cats, even though they may be a little bit more intensive in terms of care. Our allergy room is my favorite right now because you walk in, sit on the ground, and all the cats come up and lay on you; they’re the sweetest kitties. Once you’ve educated yourself about what it entails to take care of one of these cats, it’s it is doable for a lot of people.”
If you suspect your cat has an allergy, visit our Veterinary and Medical Services resource page to find a vet for support. Check out other CCS blog posts related to cat health and medical care to stay informed about your cat’s wellness, and if this article sparked your interest in learning more about cat behavior, there are plenty of blog posts about that, too!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Regular nail trims are an essential part of cat care, promoting both cat and human well-being while protecting your furniture, clothes and skin! However, it can be an anxiety-inducing task for everyone involved. Fortunately, there are many effective approaches to trimming your cat’s nails, and finding the right strategy can make the experience more manageable and less stressful for both you and your cat. Here, learn why nail trimming is important, when and how to trim a cat’s nails, and bonus tips for addressing issues that can arise from nails that would make even Freddy Krueger jealous.
Cats typically have 18 claws in total, with five on each front paw and four on each hind paw. The inner, shorter claw on the front paws is called a dewclaw. Unlike the other claws, dewclaws don’t usually touch the ground while walking. However, they still play a role in climbing and grabbing. Since they don’t wear down naturally, dewclaws need regular trimming alongside the other claws to prevent them from getting overgrown and uncomfortable.
If a cat’s nails grow too long, they can start to curve and may puncture their footpads, leading to discomfort, mobility issues and infections. Longer nails are also more likely to snag on soft surfaces, potentially hindering their ability to climb and causing injuries.
If you adopted your cat as a kitten, it’s a great idea to start getting into the habit of trimming right away so your cat gets used to it (not to mention, the kitten age is often when they are the most destructive!).
All claws, including dewclaws, need regular trimming, typically every 2-4 weeks for indoor cats. You may discover that your cat’s front paws need more frequent trimming than rear paws. Older or arthritic cats, who tend to be less active, often require more frequent trims compared to younger, more active cats. Additionally, older cats may develop thicker, brittle nails, further increasing the need for more frequent nail care.
We want to be clear that a nail trim is not the same as declawing. A nail trim for a cat is equivalent to humans trimming their fingernails. Declawing, on the other hand, is a surgical amputation of the last bone of each toe on a cat’s paw. In human terms, it would be akin to cutting off every finger at the first knuckle. Declawing should NEVER be used to prevent unwanted scratching.
Declawing has been found to cause behavioral and health issues, including back pain, litter box aversion and biting. It is banned or considered unethical in dozens of countries and states. In several U.S. cities, such as Denver, it is illegal to declaw cats!
Cat Care Society supports this ban. Scratching is a normal cat behavior that serves multiple purposes: removing dead husks from claws, marking territory visually and with scent glands, muscle stretching, and expressing energy and emotion. If you’re frustrated about your cat scratching furniture, starting with regular nail trims and positive reinforcement for using approved trees and posts is a great approach! We also share some other tips later in this article.
Most commonly, cat owners use a nail trimmer specifically designed for cats (or small dogs) like the one shown below. If the clippers are new, let your cat smell them first.
Before diving in, make sure your cat is in a comfortable position and relaxed. You can opt to be positioned behind your cat or holding them with both of you facing forward to make your cat more secure. You can also make it a two-person job and have one person hold the cat in a comfortable position while a second person trims the nails. If your cat is more experienced and/or super relaxed, you may find that you can position yourself in front of your cat.
Cats have retractable claws, so to trim them effectively, gently press on the top of their paw to extend the claw completely. Use your other hand to hold the clippers and get ready to trim. Only trim the white part of the claw. The pink part of the claw contains actual tissue and can cause pain if trimmed. The Kitten Lady has a great analogy: Just like when we trim our own fingernails, we only trim the white parts!
Continue trimming each claw on every paw. If your cat begins to get squirmy, take a break! It’s perfectly fine to trim their nails over multiple sessions. Be patient and offer praise or treats throughout to keep your cat calm and cooperative.
If your cat becomes very anxious or upset when having their paws touched and nails trimmed, you might find the “Kitty Burrito Method” helpful! All you need is a thick bath towel or blanket. Watch the video below for detailed instructions. Notice how the vet tech gently applies pressure from above to keep the cat secure.
Pro Tip: If you are unable to trim your cat’s nails for any reason, you can always find a groomer to do it. Many veterinarians and pet supply stores, such as Petco, Chuck & Don’s and PetSmart, offer nail trimming as a service.
There may be times when trimming a cat’s claws doesn’t completely solve the problem. Jake Confer, Cat Care Society’s shelter operations manager, recommends nail cap products like Soft Paws for situations when you want to ensure the safety of children or other animals from sharp claws. Claw caps can also help if a cat has skin issues and/or scratches themselves excessively. While it may take some time for the cat to adjust to the feeling of the caps on their claws, they do not interfere with nail growth or the cat’s natural ability to extend and retract their claws.
Other humane solutions for preventing cats from damaging furniture include using scratch barrier tape, applying deterrent spray to the area, and providing scratching toys that cater to your cat’s preferences. For instance, if your cat prefers scratching carpets, provide more scratching mats. If they scratch vertically on couch ends, add additional scratching posts. If you’re able to offer a catio space, that can also help deter inappropriate scratching.
Regular nail trimming for your cat is not just about protecting your furniture and skin — it’s a crucial part of their health and well-being. Fortunately, in most cases, nail trimming can become a manageable and stress-free experience for both you and your cat. Remember, it’s a gradual process that can be made easier with practice, patience and positive reinforcement.
Be sure to check out Cat Care Society’s Resources page to find cat behavior and cat medical specialists, and read more about other ways you can help maintain your cat’s well-being in other blog posts!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Kidney disease, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), affects a significant portion of aging cats. It’s estimated that CKD impacts 30-40% of cats over the age of 10 and 81% of cats over 15. While there is no cure for it, fortunately, early detection and proper management can significantly improve their quality of life. Here, we will explore the prevalence of kidney disease in cats, why it’s so common and ways it can be managed.
First, let’s distinguish between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI). CKD develops gradually over time, and is a degenerative, progressive condition. AKI is a sudden and severe decline in kidney function, often triggered by specific events like toxins or infections. AKI requires immediate veterinary attention and involves a different treatment plan compared to cats with CKD.
Just like a water filter keeps your home’s water clean, healthy kidneys act as your cat’s internal filtration system. As they age, these filters can become less efficient, leading to a buildup of waste products in the bloodstream. Kidney disease progresses through four stages, each indicating the level of kidney function remaining. Early detection and proactive care are essential for supporting kidney health and preserving function for as long as possible.
While the exact reasons behind the high prevalence of CKD in cats are still being explored, here are some contributing factors:
Purebred cats tend to be more susceptible to CKD because of genetic components, but most all cats over the age of 10 will develop some extent of CKD.
The good news is that with early detection, managing kidney disease becomes significantly easier.
What signs should you watch for that may indicate kidney disease?
Having just one of the symptoms listed above doesn’t necessarily mean your cat has CKD. Your veterinarian will perform a comprehensive physical examination and run blood and urine tests to rule out other issues such as UTI, diabetes and crystalluria (crystals in urine made up of minerals and other substances that join together rather than staying dissolved). In some cases, an X-ray or ultrasound might also be necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
If your cat is diagnosed with CKD, your vet will be able to tell you how far along the condition has progressed within four stages:
“Usually, two-thirds of kidney function is gone by the time it shows up on bloodwork,” CCS’ Lead Vet Dr. Cecily Palamara said. “If we’re not seeing it, we know it doesn’t necessarily mean a cat doesn’t have it. Cats can compensate for it for a long time.”
You can learn more about the stages of CKD from the International Renal Interest Society. Blood work analysis is a crucial part of diagnosing kidney disease and tracking its progression. If you’d like more information on what blood work is necessary and what it means, check out the Cat Manny’s page on CKD.
While there’s no cure for kidney disease, there are several things you can do to help manage it and improve your cat’s quality of life:
Managing chronic kidney disease in shelter cats presents unique challenges compared to home settings, such as providing special diets and working with limited space and resources.
Dr. Palamara shared the approach she and her team take to support these cats. “We really have kind of a breadth of treatment and a very wide approach,” she said. “The main goal with the approach to our kidney cats is, how do we maintain and lengthen their quality of life for the time that they’re with us? How do we decrease the amount of time that they’re with us? And what’s their fastest path to adoption? That can mean different things for different cats.”
The shelter medical team focuses on addressing side effects, maximizing hydration, keeping the cats on canned food because it has a higher water content, and providing individualized treatment plans while working within the limits of the shelter environment. For cats who struggle to get enough water, they provide subcutaneous fluids. They put cats on special renal diets when needed, but they have to be mindful of space, because those cats need to live in a separate room away from the rest of the cats on a regular diet.
Mineral management in kidney cats is also important. If phosphorus gets too high, it can be very toxic to the kidneys. There is a special medication that can be added to food to help lower phosphorus, but many cats don’t like it. Kidney cats are also prone to low potassium, which can cause weakness, but supplementation can help.
The team uses a unique approach for cats with anemia associated with CKD. They administer a newer FDA-approved medication for anemia secondary to kidney disease in cats, and it has been very successful. It’s a more expensive treatment and is reserved for when anemia is affecting the cat’s quality of life.
Tailoring treatment to each cat’s individual needs helps them feel their best and thrive in their new homes after adoption.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure, occurs when a cat’s kidneys abruptly lose their ability to function. This is a life-threatening condition that can lead to severe dehydration, rapid accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream, electrolyte imbalances and changes in blood acidity levels.
Common causes include:
The symptoms of AKI are similar to CKD and can also include vision loss, drooling and seizures. If your cat exhibits any of these signs, take them to the vet immediately.
Although CKD is a serious condition, with proper home management and veterinary care, many cats with CKD can lead happy and fulfilling lives for years. Numerous resources are available to support you in navigating your cat’s CKD journey. We recommend exploring VCA Animal Hospitals’ extensive articles on kidney health and cats for additional information. If you have any concerns about your cat’s health, including potential AKI, do not hesitate to discuss them with your veterinarian. You can find low-cost and emergency care options on our Resources page. Remember, early detection and consistent management can help your cat feel their best!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
In the realm of feline health, panleukopenia, commonly known as panleuk, has long been a significant health challenge, especially for young kittens and unvaccinated cats. As a highly contagious and often fatal disease, panleuk can rapidly devastate entire cat shelters. Fortunately, here at Cat Care Society (CCS), we have a compassionate and innovative veterinary care team, including Dr. Cecily Palamara, our lead veterinarian. In this post, you’ll get to learn from her expertise, including the causes and symptoms of panleuk, as well as how CCS is giving cats a fighting chance to overcome a disease that traditionally carries a grave prognosis.
Panleuk is the cat counterpart of the parvovirus in dogs, targeting rapidly dividing cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Dr. Palamara emphasizes the destructive nature of the virus, causing massive and often bloody diarrhea, leading to dehydration, lethargy, vomiting, hypothermia (due to loss of fluids), and even sepsis. Notably, it also attacks white blood cells, resulting in leukopenia and a weakened immune system. Early symptoms include lack of appetite, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea, often with blood. (Fun fact: Leukopenia literally means low white blood cell count.)
Panleuk is a serious condition with a poor prognosis; typically, only 20% of cats with it survive three to five days after diagnosis. At CCS, our survival rate is much higher, thanks in part to our proactive approach and early intervention. More on that soon!
Learn more about panleukopenia in this video from Kitten Lady:
The transmission of panleuk in cats and kittens primarily occurs through fecal-oral contact, where they are exposed to infected feces. Contaminated items such as food, water bowls, toys and bedding can contribute to its spread. Additionally, people may inadvertently carry the disease on their clothing and shoes. Even after a cat is cleared of the virus, they can continue shedding it in their feces for an extended period.
Panleuk is more widespread in summer, due to kitten season, and in wetter months due to how the virus lives in the environment. However, panleuk poses a constant year-round threat as it can survive in most environments for an extended period, up to a year! It is even resistant to certain disinfectants, including alcohol and iodine.
“We have to be really careful about contagion control in the shelter,” said Dr. Palamara. “Because it survives in the environment for so long, it’s so important to be practicing good hygiene and good contagion control for anyone that is coming in. We can all work together to keep our shelter as disease free as possible.”
Prevention is always best; the FVRCP vaccine, included in routine vet and shelter care, is the most effective in providing protection. Early detection has also been key to Cat Care Society’s higher than average survival rate. Dr. Palamara and the medical team at CCS conduct panleuk tests on all kittens under a year, aiding in early detection of mild cases. They also treat all cases aggressively. Because panleuk is so contagious, CCS would need a dedicated ward for panleuk treatment, which is something being considered as a part of future building improvements. Currently, the team aims to move infected cats to one of our experienced fosters for personalized care within 24 hours of diagnosis, minimizing the risk of spreading the illness to other cats.
“In previous shelters that I’ve worked at, even a totally bright alert kitty that’s blowing diarrhea and has panleukopenia gets euthanized on the spot,” said Dr. Palamara. “So [at CCS] it’s a very different approach than I’ve ever worked with, and it’s been a great learning experience for me to see how these guys can succeed.”
Raechel, one of our experienced fosters, has helped treat several CCS kittens with panleuk. She emphasizes that subcutaneous fluids administered once or twice a day, along with antibiotics, anti-nausea medication, heat, nutritional supplements and probiotics, facilitate a kitten’s ability to continue eating and growing during recovery. While there’s no cure for panleuk, this supportive care alleviates the worst symptoms.
“Even in young kittens, symptoms start to improve in just a couple of days with supportive care,” Raechel said. “Before I started panleuk fostering, I heard about how scary and terrible this virus can be, especially for kittens. I’ve found that as long as they’re given these fluids once or twice a day during their worst symptoms, they’ll continue to eat, grow, and bounce back pretty quickly! It’s amazing to see how much better these kittos feel after getting a boost of hydration.”
Raechel, along with all our fosters, has access to CCS’ medical experts for assistance when needed.
Panleuk might be scary, but there are ways to minimize its spread. Here’s how you can be a part of the solution:
Despite its severity, cats can overcome panleuk when it’s found early and treated aggressively. The proactive measures we take at CCS and the dedication of our foster care volunteers showcase the transformative impact of compassionate care. We hope to continue to pave the way for success stories by spreading awareness and support.
For even more information about panleuk, please visit the panleuk shelter medicine page from UC Davis. Learn more about our CCS medical team and all the life-changing work they do on our meet our shelter medical team page.
If you’re interested in becoming a foster to help cats in need, please visit our foster page to learn more and apply!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Looking for information on FIV? Read our companion blog post here!
A feline leukemia virus, also known as FeLV, diagnosis used to be a literal death sentence for a cat. Even just 10 years ago, many shelters required euthanasia for all cats that tested positive for it. Now, we know that cats can live with this condition, but there are still many nuances in the understanding and treatment of FeLV.
Despite its name, FeLV is not actually a form of cancer or leukemia. Instead, it is a retrovirus (in the same family as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus or FIV) present in approximately 2-3% of all cats in the United States. FeLV invades and replicates in cells of the cat’s immune system and tissues that create blood cells. Low white blood cells are a sign of a weakened immune system, and illnesses acquired from this virus are typically related to a weakened immune system.
FeLV is defined as one of the most common feline infectious diseases in the world, and complications or progression of the virus can cause cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, and other FeLV-associated diseases: neurologic, secondary infection, immune mediated disease, etc.
There are actually a few different subgroups of FeLV, as well as different stages and outcomes of the disease as it is a dynamic virus that can switch back and forth between infectious and non-infectious states, making testing pretty tricky.
Whereas FIV used to be thought of as the “fighting disease,” FeLV has been known as the “love virus” or “friendly disease,” due to its ability to be easily transmitted to other cats through mutual grooming. It can also be passed through shared food and water bowls or litter boxes, fighting, or from a pregnant or nursing mother cat to her kittens. The virus sheds in high quantities of saliva and nasal secretions, and can also be found in urine, feces and milk of infected cats.
Feline leukemia is passed only from cat to cat, meaning humans, dogs and other animals cannot contract it.
A blood test can confirm whether or not FeLV is present in your cat. If the initial test is positive, a second sample is sent to a lab to confirm diagnosis. Cats can test positive within a few weeks of exposure, and most cats who are positive were infected within 30 days. Younger cats are more susceptible, and sadly, infected kittens have an average life span of just two years. Most vets recommend retesting after six weeks if a test has questionable results.
While certain symptoms can be managed and supportive care can be offered, there is unfortunately no cure for feline leukemia. There are some expensive treatments available at some vets, but these are outside the scope of shelter use.
And while there is no commercially available vaccine for FIV, there is, however, a vaccine available for FeLV in negative cats. The Feline Leukemia vaccine is recommended as a core vaccine by the American Animal Hospital Association and American Association of Feline Practitioners.
Spaying and neutering your cats and vaccinating your FeLV negative cats is the best way to stop the spread of FeLV.
Although a diagnosis of FeLV can feel devastating, it is important to realize that cats with FeLV can live mostly normal lives for prolonged periods of time — though their lifespans will be shortened by several years. On average, most FeLV+ cats live about 2-5 years after diagnosis.
Because FeLV affects the immune system, like FIV, it means that your cat is more susceptible to other illnesses, and may not recover as quickly from common infections or after surgery. It’s important to note that FeLV itself does not cause death; rather, it is the subsequent diseases that often come up because of the weakened immune system.
Once a cat has been diagnosed, careful monitoring of weight, appetite, activity level, elimination habits, appearance of the mouth and eyes, and behavior is an important part of managing the disease. Maintaining dental care should be a priority, as infections of the mouth and gums can pass through the blood stream and cause more issues. Raw foods and unpasteurized dairy products should be avoided because of their high risk for food-borne bacterial and parasitic infections. A high-quality diet and low-stress environment will also be beneficial.
At Cat Care Society, once we see a positive FeLV test, we have a few possible courses of action. After another test, we can find out whether the disease is present in their bone marrow or blood. If it’s in only in their blood, the disease hasn’t progressed yet, and the cat actually has a chance of kicking the virus out through his or her immune response. If it’s already made it to their bone marrow, the bad news is that they will have FeLV for the rest of their life. It may lay dormant for awhile and the cat appears to be doing fine, but FeLV could rear its ugly head years down the road and cause the immune system to wreak havoc, progressively deteriorating a cat’s health. If this confirmatory test is negative, it might mean the disease is “floating around” and hasn’t made it to the marrow yet, and we test again in a month, explained CCS’ chief veterinarian Dr. Cecily Palamara.
If a FeLV positive cat is asymptomatic, this is good news for his or her quality of life! However, if the disease is progressive, the cat may display symptoms of anemia, lethargy, malaise and weakness. Because their immune system is suppressed, it may develop into leukemia or lymphoma. These cats often die young, and it can be upsetting to navigate.
Because of the severity of this disease, FeLV cats should be the only cat in a home or paired with another FeLV+ cat, and should be kept indoors.
If you want to add an FeLV cat to a household of negative cats, the safest option is to make sure that the other cats are adults and fully vaccinated against FeLV, Dr. Palamara advises. There is still a small risk of transmission, but the risk is low with immunocompetent, vaccinated adults.
Cat Care Society provides a safe haven for many special needs cats because we believe that all cats deserve a chance at a loving home, regardless of medical diagnosis. Therefore, we take in many FIV and FeLV cats that wouldn’t have a chance at other shelters.
When we receive new adult cats at the shelter, we screen for both FIV and FeLV so we know what we’re up against.
Many shelters don’t adopt out a cat with FeLV because they don’t want to put that burden on adopters, although some cities and states across the U.S. are becoming more progressive in the way they view this condition.
“I think, culturally the shelter sheltering and adoptive community have really evolved,” Dr. Palamara said. “Right now, we are not having a lot of trouble adopting out feline leukemia cats, which just speaks to Colorado’s unique adoptive community. These cats wouldn’t have this opportunity in other communities.”
Instead, we aim to be transparent with all potential adopters about a cat’s condition and his or her medical needs so that they can make an informed condition about what they’re willing to take on and manage their expectations. We’re so lucky that many CCS adopters are willing to give these cats the best life possible for however long they have left, which we think is a beautiful act of love.
Take it from Emma, a CCS adopter who brought home a FeLV cat named Maximus (pictured at top) back in 2020. She wasn’t planning on adopting a cat with FeLV, but Maximus caught her eye and stole her heart right away.
“When we adopted Maximus, he had FeLV and was diagnosed with a chronic upper respiratory illness,” Emma said. “He wheezed heavily and sometimes it seemed like he could barely breathe through the congestion. In the three years since, his nose has cleared up and his breathing is much better. He has very occasional FeLV-related issues like seizures, but they are rare. Overall he’s a happy cat, who loves playing games, following his humans around, staring out windows, and zooming up and down the stairs.”
If you’re thinking of adopting a cat with FeLV, we recommend talking with your veterinarian first as they will be the ones to help you navigate managing this disease. FeLV cats should not live with another cat unless he or she also has FeLV.
They may have a shorter life span and require more attentive care, but FeLV cats can be wonderful companions and deserve the chance to live happy lives filled with love.
Looking for more info on FeLV? Check out these recommended sources and resources!
Looking for information on FeLV? Read our companion blog post here!
Perhaps you’re considering adopting a new kitty companion, but the catch is, the one who caught your eye has FIV. Or maybe your existing pet was just diagnosed and you’re wondering what this means for his or her life — and yours. You’ve come to the right place. Here’s some information to help you figure out what to expect.
You may often hear the terms FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) and FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus) lumped together. This is because these two conditions are both retroviruses. Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have the ability to make a complementary DNA copy of the viral RNA, which is then integrated into a host cell’s DNA. Both viruses weaken a cat’s immune system, and can be transmitted from cat to cat only. However, FIV and FeLV are very different in terms of how they affect a cat’s life.
FIV is an infectious virus similar to HIV in people — which is why you may hear it called Feline AIDS — but is unique to cats. It’s estimated that about 3-5% of cats are FIV positive (FIV+).
FIV was once a terrifying diagnosis, and many shelters used to euthanize cats who tested positive for the virus. We believed that FIV would negatively impact a cat’s quality of life and chances of adoption. However, much new research indicates that cats with FIV can actually live a relatively normal, full life. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for FeLV.
There is currently no cure for either virus. Treatment and supportive care are aimed at treating secondary complications that these viruses can cause. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for FIV. The original FIV vaccine has not been available since 2016 and can interfere with FIV test results, causing false positives. (There is, however, a vaccine available for FeLV.)
FIV used to be thought of as the “fighting disease,” Dr. Cecily Palamara, CCS’ chief veterinarian, recalls. It’s a disease that cats spread to each other, usually via deep bite wounds, and is most often transmitted through the saliva of an infected cat. Less commonly, it can also be passed through infected milk, infected blood transfusion, or in utero from a pregnant cat.
In most cases, even if cats don’t get along in a household, they rarely bite hard or deep enough to transmit the infection. They typically will hiss, scratch or give warning bites that don’t break the skin. For this reason, cats in socially stable, multi-cat households have a much lower risk of disease transmission than we previously thought. It’s important to talk with your veterinarian about the risks of your specific situation prior to adopting or bringing an FIV+ cat into a home with FIV negative cats.
Cornell says that casual, non-aggressive contact, such as sharing water bowls or a litter box or mutual grooming, is not an efficient route of spreading the virus.
Both FIV and FeLV are diagnosed through a blood test. After exposure, a cat usually takes between two to six months to test positive for FIV, but can test positive as early as one month after FeLV exposure. Some very young kittens or already vaccinated adult cats can present false positive FIV tests. This is why we do not test kittens for it, as maternal antibodies may interfere with the results. It can take up to four to six months for these antibodies to go away. However, kittens can be tested for FeLV with much less risk of a false positive result due to the type of testing that is used.
FIV is a virus unique to cats. Neither humans nor dogs can get it. However, other cats may get it from another FIV+ cat, though chances are slim. We now know that FIV cats can co-exist with other healthy cats with few to no issues, as long as they are living in a socially stable household in which fighting is rare to non-existent.
The disease also easily dies in the environment, so don’t fear it lingering in your carpet or carrying it on your clothes.
FIV may be a significant virus, but cats can live a relatively normal life with it. Because it comprises their immune system, they are more susceptible and vulnerable to other diseases.
If your FIV+ cat gets sick with something else, such as an infection, cancer or other acquired disease, they may not respond as well to traditional treatments like a cat without FIV. If he or she needs surgery or treatment, healing and recovery can be hindered by a weakened immune system and may result in more complications.
The good news is that for the most part, FIV positive cats can live relatively normal lives and enjoy all of the things that a regular cat does. It is recommended that FIV positive cats remain indoor-only cats to prevent further spread of the virus. FIV is certainly not a death sentence, and your FIV cat has a relatively good chance of living a long, happy and healthy life!
Some veterinarians recommend twice yearly exams for FIV positive cats in order to pick up on other complicating factors and treat them as soon as possible. The Humane Society of the U.S. says that cats with an FIV diagnosis can remain asymptomatic for years or even their entire lives. It’s important to talk with your veterinarian about their recommendations prior to adopting an FIV positive cat.
@catcaresociety Replying to @Angel ???? What is FIV and how does it affect cats? #fiv #felineimmunodeficiencyvirus #fivcat #fivcatsoftiktok #thingstododenver #colorado #adoptdontshop #catshelters ♬ Safari/Wildlife/African Video Background_”Kids in the Jungle”_Animals/Zoo/Rainforest/National Park/Playful/Fun/Cheerful(1327305) – Ney
Even though FIV cats may be just fine with other cats, at Cat Care Society, we are still separating them because we have the space and ability to do so.
In a shelter setting, cats are more prone to pick up things from other cats coming in and out. Therefore, we take extra precautions to isolate our FIV cats in their own room to minimize risk. FIV+ cats can have concurrent feline stomatitis (severe inflammation of the tissues of the mouth) and have a higher risk for complications after surgeries. Additionally, FIV cats may have a harder time healing from an upper respiratory infection or other infection that we commonly see in the shelter environment. And because we take in many cats with special medical needs, that’s why financial donations are so helpful.
Our goal is to maintain or improve an FIV positive cat’s quality of life, prevent secondary complications of the virus, and prevent transmission to other cats while in the care of CCS.
If you have other healthy cats and are considering adding an FIV cat to your family, we recommend you speak with your veterinarian first to discuss the risk factors for your individual situation. This is the person you would be relying on to help you manage your cat’s FIV long-term, so their input and expertise on your specific situation does carry some weight.
The general consensus in the animal medical community is that FIV+ and non-FIV cats can live together as long as everyone is spayed or neutered, remains indoors and interacts peacefully.
While this decision is of course up to you, we kindly ask that you consider adopting any cat with special needs.
Cats with FIV — and many other medical conditions — may be often overlooked, but we’ve seen that these same cats can be just as loving, playful and worthy as any other cat.
Even some with additional concerns can come around and form beautiful relationships. Take it from Mr. Grey or Big Red and Garfield, two bonded FIV+ boys we had last spring who were adopted together.
@catcaresociety Our FIV+ boys Big Red and Garfield had a rough start here at the shelter. When they first came to us, Garfield showed signs of aggression and wouldn’t let anyone near him, often swatting or hissing at anyone who entered his room. Big Red had issues with the other FIV+ cats and wouldn’t let anyone near him either. With patience and reassurance, CCS staff has been working on socializing them. Together, they learned to trust humans and have done a complete 180 in just a month! Now they greet you when you enter their room, accept pets (especially if rewarded with kitty gogurts) and have grown quite fond of each other. #fyp #catsoftiktok #catcaresociety #adoptdontshop #sheltercat #coloradocats #denver #fureverhome #nonprofit #adoptme #gingercat #orangecat #thingstododenver #denver #fivcat #fivcatsoftiktok ♬ I Think I Like When It Rains - WILLIS
We’re so glad to see others coming around to cats with FIV. On Facebook, Cindi commented: “FIV+ cats are my favorite cats! I always say they have something special in their DNA – an extra love gene. Keep them inside, feed them a healthy diet with regular Vet visits and they will be your buddy for many years! My friend has an FIV+ girl who is 12 years old and going strong!”
September 28 is World Rabies Day, serving as an important reminder that although rabies is 100% fatal, it is also 100% preventable through proper administration of the rabies vaccine.
Rabies is a viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system of mammals, ultimately causing disease in the brain and eventual death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) predominantly receives reports of rabies cases in wild animals, including bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes. However, it is essential to note that any mammal, including both cats and humans, is susceptible to rabies.
The short answer is yes! Not only do many counties and states mandate rabies vaccines, but there are also scenarios where your indoor cat could be exposed to rabies. For example, your cat may accidentally escape outside or an animal carrying rabies may unintentionally get inside your home.
This leads me to a brief personal story: One morning, I awoke to my two cats cornering a bat on the floor. I quickly got the bat outside, but I had no idea what sort of interactions my cats had with the bat while I was asleep. Being uninformed, I had let their booster shots lapse since they were strictly indoor cats, so I promptly took them in that day for their shots. The next several weeks were stressful as we continued to observe them for any signs of illness. I’ll never let their boosters lapse again!
It’s also worth noting that if your cat is unvaccinated and bites another person, there are serious risks to the animal and human — especially if there is any concern of potential rabies infection.
Kittens receive their first shot around three to four months of age. Booster shots are generally administered every year up to every three years based on veterinarian guidance and/or legal requirements.
You can check current requirements in your state online. The AVMA also has a chart by state for 2023.
In some areas where rabies vaccines are mandated, the cat’s veterinarian can document the need for an exemption if the vaccine would compromise the cat’s health. In some locations, the exemption request may require approval by the local public health authority.
Even if your cat’s rabies vaccine status is current, the CDC still recommends they get an additional booster immediately after potential rabies exposure. You’ll need to monitor them for up to 45 days for any signs or symptoms.
The first symptoms of rabies may include low energy, fever, vomiting and low appetite. Within days of exposure, weakness, paralysis, seizures, difficulty breathing, excessive salivation and aggression may occur.
Becoming informed about rabies is the first step. The next step is to take action, if needed. Please use our Resources & Info page to find emergency cat care and low-cost clinics. The page also provides contact details for various local animal control centers. These centers can be contacted if you spot wild animals displaying rabies symptoms. Finally, explore our other blog posts and sign up for our Mewsletter at the bottom of this page to stay informed on all the best ways to care for your cat companion(s)!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
This post was authored and edited according to Cat Care Society’s editorial standards and style. Opinions expressed may not necessarily reflect that of CCS.
By Amanda Huggett and Jillian Rosile, junior board members
Many families looking to adopt a new cat often pick young, healthy companions. While some may worry about the cost, time commitment, or prognosis of a cat with a chronic health condition, we’re here to tell you to think twice. Cat Care Society’s diabetic cats are often in our care the longest and can be the hardest to adopt out.
While these cats can be just as sweet and cuddly as any other cat, we don’t want to sugarcoat it: Diabetic cats do need daily care, but managing it is probably easier than you think. Danielle Swain, CCS’ adoption assistant manager, says it’s one of the easier conditions to care for! “As long as you can handle a needle, you can handle a diabetic cat,” she says.
Generally, with vet care following AAHA guidelines and a caregiver willing to test glucose at home, it is no more costly or difficult than managing any other condition that requires daily medication. While treatment plans vary depending on the severity of symptoms at diagnosis, age, lab values and concurrent conditions, typically the cat will need an appropriate low-carb canned food diet given at set times, glucose tests and insulin injections. Doses are adjusted up or down depending on values reported to the vet. In the long run, many cats go into diet-controlled remission, but for those who don’t, once they reach the right dose, it quickly becomes routine, often taking no more than 10 minutes per day.
If you already have a cat and suspect they may be developing diabetes, watch for weight loss, ravenous appetite or loss of appetite, increased drinking and urinating, and weakness in the hind legs. These are typically the first symptoms of diabetes mellitus in cats. However, it can’t be diagnosed on symptoms alone. Many cats with hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease or even a particularly rampant UTI can have similar symptoms. It’s important to get a full senior blood and urine panel, including a thyroid panel, done at the time of diagnosis, along with a fructosamine test to confirm diabetes if their blood glucose is elevated. The latter will help determine if it’s truly diabetes versus a spike in blood glucose due to stress, infection, or pain.
There is actually a hidden benefit to doing regular glucose tests at home, too. High numbers can be an early warning sign that something else is going on before symptoms show up. If you see a spike in their numbers, take a trip to the vet; it could be a sneaky UTI or toothache that the cat is hiding!
One other thing to be aware of is that some other conditions are more common in diabetic cats, including pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and chronic kidney disease, so it’s helpful to learn about these to be on the lookout for symptoms. Additionally, some cats may be diagnosed with diabetes and not responsive to insulin until it gets to extremely high doses; often these cats have insulin resistance or one of several rare endocrine disorders including feline acromegaly. These have varying treatment options including long-term high insulin dosing. If your cat’s doses are getting higher without getting into target glucose ranges, be sure to ask your vet about testing for these other conditions.
Diabetic cats can live healthy, happy lives for years after diagnosis. Come see us at the shelter to visit some of the current diabetic cats up for adoption!
Spaying and neutering are critical procedures in the fight against pet overpopulation, but they also do so much more than that. For cat owners and advocates in Colorado, understanding the importance of these surgeries is essential not only for the well-being of individual cats but also for the health of the community. February is National Spay and Neuter Awareness Month, which makes now the purrfect time to reflect on the significance of these procedures and take action to support them. In this post, we’ll explain why spaying and neutering matters, highlight pertinent Colorado-specific data, laws, and resources, and explore the role these procedures play in ensuring a safe and healthy future for all cats.
The biggest benefit of spaying and neutering is helping to control the pet population. Population control has countless advantages, from reducing the number of homeless animals to improving overall community well-being.
Each year, millions of cats across the United States end up in shelters. Despite significant declines over the last few decades, an estimated 3.3 million cats entered shelters in 2023, according to Shelter Animals Count. Colorado contributes to this number with animal shelters statewide reporting significantly higher intake numbers since 2021, making overcrowding a continued and consistent concern. Considering that millions of pets were not spayed or neutered during the pandemic, it is increasingly important for pets to receive these surgeries and support the decrease in shelter populations.
Fortunately, spaying and neutering are simple, effective tools to prevent unwanted litters. Beyond population control, these procedures also offer additional health and behavioral benefits!
Spaying (most commonly removing the ovaries and uterus of female cats) and neutering (removing the testicles of male cats) offer numerous benefits:
Colorado has made significant strides in promoting spaying and neutering through state and local legislative action. The Pet Animal Care Facilities Act (PACFA), overseen by the Colorado Department of Agriculture, regulates shelters, rescues, and pet care facilities. PACFA mandates that all pet shelters and rescues spay or neuter each cat before releasing them to a new owner.
Cities also have local laws in place for spaying and neutering. For example, Denver requires cat owners to spay or neuter their cats by six months of age. Alternatively, owners can obtain an annual permit for unaltered cats while also complying with all licensing requirements. Breeding cats requires a separate license. Always check your local laws for specific requirements.
In Colorado, feral cat colonies pose unique challenges. These cats, often unsocialized and unadoptable, contribute significantly to overpopulation. Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs are a humane and effective solution. Through TNR, feral cats are trapped, spayed or neutered, vaccinated, and returned to their original location. This approach stabilizes colony sizes and reduces the number of kittens born in the wild. Cat Care Society rents traps to help support TNR efforts. These initiatives not only control populations but also improve the quality of life for feral cats by reducing health issues and reducing conflicts with humans.
Cat Care Society has long championed spaying and neutering as a critical part of its mission, performing over 400 spay/neuter surgeries in 2024. Every cat adopted through CCS is spayed or neutered before leaving the shelter (unless there is a documented medical reason preventing the procedure from being performed safely), ensuring that adopters take home a pet that will not contribute to overpopulation and have the best chance of living a healthy and happy life.
Despite widespread advocacy, myths about spaying and neutering persist. We address some common misconceptions below:
If you’re a cat owner or advocate in Colorado, there are several ways to contribute to the spay and neuter movement:
Spaying and neutering play a crucial role in shaping the future of animal welfare. In Colorado, a state known for its vibrant and dedicated pet-loving community, these procedures are essential to giving every cat the chance for a safe and healthy life.
By prioritizing spaying and neutering, we can reduce shelter intake numbers, minimize euthanasia rates, and improve the overall quality of life for cats across the state. Donating makes a tangible difference—for example, a $25 donation covers the cost of one neuter surgery here at Cat Care Society. Together, we can make Colorado a model of compassion and care for our cat community.
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and serves on the Board of Directors. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
In Colorado, caring for animals isn’t just a calling—it’s a fundamental responsibility governed by the Pet Animal Care Facilities Act (PACFA). Established in 1994, this program protects the health, safety, and welfare of animals in pet care facilities while also protecting consumers who utilize pet-related services.
Whether someone runs an animal shelter (like we do at Cat Care Society!), a pet grooming business, a breeding operation, or a rescue, PACFA requires a license to legally care for animals. This state law sets comprehensive standards to ensure that animals in licensed facilities receive proper care. Through regular updates and inspections, PACFA prioritizes animal welfare, positioning Colorado as a leader in this field. In this article, we’ll explore the broad and comprehensive scope of PACFA, clarify what it doesn’t cover, and explain why it matters for pets and pet owners across Colorado.
PACFA is Colorado’s state law that regulates companion animal care facilities, ensuring animals receive proper treatment and live in environments where their physical and emotional needs are met. Some animals covered under PACFA include cats, dogs, birds, guinea pigs, mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, ferrets, rabbits, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
One of the strongest aspects of PACFA is its comprehensiveness and level of detail. Below are just some of the areas it covers. Note that requirements are individualized based on animal type.
The Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) is responsible for enforcing PACFA regulations. This oversight ensures that any organization involved in pet care operates with transparency, accountability, and a deep commitment to the animals in their charge. To earn and maintain a PACFA license, facilities like shelters, rescues, pet stores, and groomers must pass rigorous inspections, meet specific criteria on an ongoing basis, and complete annual reporting.
PACFA’s licensing program isn’t just about paperwork—it’s about safeguarding animal welfare. By maintaining a PACFA license, facilities commit to meeting essential standards for animal housing, health, and safety, all under the enforcement of the CDA. And as these standards are regularly updated, shelters and rescues must stay current, adapting to new regulations that reflect the evolving practices in animal care. Additionally, current PACFA licensees must complete a qualifying continued education every two years to stay up-to-date with PACFA’s standards.
While the terms shelter, rescue, and sanctuary are often used interchangeably, the Colorado Department of Agriculture provides distinct legal definitions for each. The Rules and Regulations Pertaining to the Administration and Enforcement of the Pet Animal Care and Facilities Act (8 CCR 1201-11) specify the classifications for various types of animal facilities. At Cat Care Society (CCS), we operate as a private non-profit animal shelter and do not receive any government funding.
PACFA isn’t animal control or animal protection. Municipal animal control units enforce municipal and state ordinances typically related to private citizen pet ownership, such as dog licensing, leash laws, lost and found, and cruelty/neglect. However, PACFA staff may partner with a local animal control unit if animal cruelty and neglect is discovered.
Additionally, PACFA is required by the state to report animal cruelty and neglect to local law enforcement or the Colorado Bureau of Animal Protection (BAP). BAP conducts outreach and education to prevent neglect and mistreatment of domestic and companion animals in Colorado and follow-up on complaints to help enforce pertinent laws.
PACFA doesn’t oversee licensure of veterinarians or vet techs. The State Board of Veterinary Medicine within Colorado’s Department of Regulatory Medicine regulates and licenses/registers veterinarians and veterinary technicians in the State of Colorado.
Since 1981 Cat Care Society has been committed to a very simple mission: provide cats with the best possible care until they find their forever homes. We fully comply with PACFA’s standards, and our commitment to evolving with the research behind these regulations reflects our ongoing dedication to providing the best possible care for the cats we serve. But we don’t stop there. We believe every cat deserves a safe, loving environment, regardless of age or medical condition.
From individualized care plans to behavioral enrichment programs and our exceptional volunteer and foster teams, we strive to exceed PACFA’s requirements to make sure each cat is living its best life. That includes having a free-roaming environment for our cats and going above and beyond in evaluating older and special-needs cats to determine the best course of treatment and care.
PACFA isn’t just about enforcing rules—it’s about creating a culture of responsibility and compassion across the entire pet care field. By ensuring that everyone in the business of caring for animals meets high standards, PACFA guarantees that every cherished pet gets the attention, safety, and love they deserve.
And at Cat Care Society, we’re all about love—our love for cats and our dedication to upholding the values that PACFA instills. Together, with PACFA’s guidance, we’ll continue to make Colorado a better, safer place for animals, one purr at a time.
We want all animals to be treated with respect and care which is why we encourage you to reference the PACFA Active Facilities List when selecting a pet care service. The CDA also provides detailed information on their website including data, FAQs, and of course, the full PACFA legislation. Here at CCS, we’re committed to transparency, so on our About Us page, you can find details about how we care for our cats, our latest impact report, our strategic plan, and much more! We also offer an extensive list of recommended pet service providers on our Resources page.
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and serves on the Board of Directors. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Winter, with its short days and chilly weather, often confines us indoors, making it the perfect season to enjoy the warmth and company of a cat. A field of study known as zooeyia (pronounced zoo-AY-uh) explores the positive impact of human-animal interactions on health, including physical, mental and emotional health. Meaning a cat isn’t just comforting a cozy companion during the colder months, but you share a beneficial, lifelong bond. In this article, we’ll explore the many health benefits to sharing your home with a cat. We’ll also provide some fun activities to enjoy with your cat during a cozy snow day.
Derived from the Greek word for “animal” (zoion) and “health” (Hygeia, the ancient Greek goddess of health), zooeyia encompasses the wide-ranging physical, emotional, and social benefits of owning pets. Cats, as beloved companions, exemplify zooeyia by their ability to:
Combat winter monotony by getting creative with your cat! These activities not only enrich your pet’s life but also elevate your mood and strengthen the bond between you and your kitty.
Note that some cats need breaks from physical touch. Read our blog post on overstimulation in cats to learn how to recognize the signs to ensure a positive experience.
Cats offer much more than companionship—they embody the principles of zooeyia by enhancing our mental and physical health, especially in challenging times like winter. Pairing these benefits with fun activities ensures both you and your cat stay happy and engaged. We always have cats available for adoption, so check them out if you’re ready to embrace the warmth and joy they bring to your home (or multiply it if you already have cats!).
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and serves on the Board of Directors. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Resources
Allen, K., Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W. (1998). Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: the truth about cats and dogs. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 30(1–2), 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90295-1
Anderson, K. L., & Olson, J. M. (2015). The value of a pet in enhancing the quality of life. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 28(4), 526–534. https://www.jabfm.org/content/28/4/526.long
McConnell, A. R., Brown, C. M., Shoda, T. M., Stayton, L. E., & Martin, C. E. (2011). Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1239-1252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024506
Stammbach, K. B., & Turner, D. C. (1999). Understanding the Human—Cat Relationship: Human Social Support or Attachment. Anthrozoös, 12(3), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279399787000237
With Halloween approaching, it’s the perfect time to spotlight a particular type of cat—and no, we’re not talking about black cats! Instead, we’re focusing on tri-color cats, whose coats feature a mix of black, orange, and white in varying patterns and ratios. While “tri-color” and “calico” are often used interchangeably, calico cats have a distinct coat pattern. Tortoiseshell cats are also considered tri-color, even though they usually lack white and have their own unique pattern. It’s important to remember that “calico” and “tortoiseshell” refer to coat patterns, not breeds. These color combinations are the result of genetics and can appear in any breed, though they are more commonly found in breeds like American Shorthair, British Shorthair, Japanese Bobtail, Maine Coon, and Persian.
There are also diluted and tabby variations of tortoiseshell and calico cats—so many colorful kitties to love! In the rest of this article, we’ll explore the different markings and patterns that define each type of tri-color coat. By the end, you’ll be able to recognize the unique beauty of every tri-color cat you encounter.
Tri-color cats are almost always female, with approximately one in 3,000 being male. This is because two X chromosomes are needed to have a distinctive tri-color coat. Typically, if a cat has an XX pair, she will be female. Male cats have an XY chromosome pair, so they’re not tri-color unless they have at least one extra chromosome (XXY). Unfortunately, these males often suffer from Klinefelter’s Syndrome, a condition that can negatively affect their health and longevity.
Calico cat coats feature patches of solid orange, black, and white. The white color is a result of a genetic condition called piebalding, which occurs in a range of other domestic and farm animals. In a diluted calico, the colors are more muted to cream, gray, and white, due to a gene inherited from one of the parents that diminishes color intensity.
“Tabico” is a term for cats that have a combination of tabby and calico markings. These cats have large patches of orange and black on a white background, with tabby stripes overlaying some of the black and orange areas. When tabby stripes cover the forehead, they form the distinctive “tabby M.” A diluted tabico’s coat features cream, gray, and white fur.
Tortoiseshell, or “tortie,” cats have brindle patterns (irregular stripes or streaks) of orange and black with little to no white. A diluted tortie has gray and cream colors and is a result of both parents carrying a recessive gene that impacts the intensity of the colors.
A torbie cat exhibits both the multi-colored brindle pattern of a tortoiseshell cat and the characteristic stripes or spots of a tabby. Like the tabico, if there are tabby stripes on the cat’s forehead, they will display the “tabby M.” Diluted torbies usually have a cream, gray and white coat.
A “tortico” is a combination of classic tortie and calico markings, featuring large patches of orange and black brindling on a white background. A diluted tortico is relatively rare, and will be gray and cream, and white.
As you can see, there are many variations of tri-color cats but you can still count yourself lucky if you run into one! In many cultures tri-color cats are connected with good luck and good fortune, and in the U.S., they are sometimes called “money cats.”
People who have tri-color cats often report that they’re equally sweet and sassy and tortoiseshell cat owners often refer to their feisty side as having “tortitude.” However, since tri-color cats aren’t a breed, research hasn’t been able to confirm that this extra feistiness is a distinct trait related to their coat pattern. That said, if you haven’t taken our “Whats Your Cat Purrsonality” quiz on our Just Fur Fun page, now’s your chance! Discover which cat breed or color pattern best represents you—maybe even find out if you have a bit of tortitude!”
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and serves on the Board of Directors. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
Imagine a cat who embodies charm in the most unexpected ways — a grumpy old soul with baggage yet a heart full of hidden warmth. That’s Scrunkly for you. In October 2023, this white senior arrived at Cat Care Society, the perfect blend of quirky, disheveled and endearing.
Rescued from the streets of Longmont and sent to Cat Care Society, Scrunkly arrived with a hefty dose of grump and a laundry list of medical issues.
We knew Scrunkly was going to be a special case needing a high level of care. He was in poor condition and quite simply, a hot mess. He refused to be handled for his intake exam and required sedation.
Once we got a better look at what was in front of us, we realized the extent of his conditions. Chronic kidney disease, arthritis, asthma, anemia, a heart murmur and inverted eyelids were just the beginning. Add a breaking upper respiratory infection (URI) and conjunctivitis, and he was placed on an aggressive medication and treatment schedule.
But no matter how much he fought us, we were determined to give Scrunkly the care he needed.
Within a week, the first breakthrough. His URI resolved and congestion cleared. Then we discovered at least one source of pain: a mystery mass in his abdomen, which turned out to be a massive hairball we removed.
He was stable, but the road ahead had more bumps.
It was time for Scrunkly to go to a foster who could better assess his quality of life in a calmer environment. In Emma’s home, he slowly began to present another side of himself. One that started to like being pet and demand a spot on the couch, his grumbles slowly turning into greetings.
With his most urgent issues addressed and his other conditions chronic, Scrunkly was up for adoption.
This grumpy old man with a penchant for complaining was about to hit the jackpot. Dylan, a veterinary professional with a soft spot for elderly cats, stumbled on Scrunkly’s photo on Petfinder. After showing his partner, they couldn’t wait to meet him.
“At the shelter, Scrunkly was very shy, but the gingerly way he walked melted our hearts, and we decided we loved him and wanted him to live with us,” Dylan recalled.
Unafraid of his medical needs, Dylan and Dante’s patience was worth it. It took months for Scrunkly to allow them to touch him, but he slowly began to trust them. He leaned into their hands. Now, he greets them with headbutts and purrs when they come home. 
“He’s just a gem, and his grumbles melt my heart!” Dylan said. “We’re obsessed with him. He’s hilarious, and he makes us laugh all the time with his sweet and silly personality.”
We knew that Scrunkly was never going to be the world’s most affectionate, outgoing cat. But we also knew that someone would love him for exactly who he is.
What we did for Scrunkly is what we inherently do here at CCS. By figuring out what he needed and creating a plan to manage his conditions, he was set up for success.
When you donate to us, you ensure that the future Scrunklys have a shot at finding a loving home, too. Your financial support means we can continue to diagnose and treat the hardest of cases. We can say yes to helping more cats who need a second chance.
Thank you for supporting this work!
EC Michaels Executive Director
Is your cat constantly scratching or grooming themselves? Allergies could be the cause.
Just like humans, cats can suffer from food allergies, environmental allergies such as pollen, dander, mold, feathers, cleaning solutions, etc., as well as flea allergies. The incidence of allergies in cats has been rising, and determining the specific allergen can require some detective work and assistance from your vet.
In this post, we’ll explore the complexities of identifying cat allergies, discuss treatment options and share an inside look at how Cat Care Society (CCS) handles allergies in our shelter cats.
Regardless of the allergy trigger, the most common sign a cat has an allergy is itchy skin, which often leads to excessive scratching and overgrooming (or licking themselves, sometimes to the point that you may notice bald patches or hair loss, maybe even infection).
In most cats, flea bites cause only minor irritation in cats. However, if a cat has a flea allergy, it can trigger a severe reaction, resulting in excessive scratching, hair loss and the development of sores and scabs. Food and environmental allergies can cause similar symptoms of overgrooming and scratching. These open sores can become infected with bacteria, creating an even more significant issue. The scabs, known as miliary dermatitis, are named for their resemblance to millet seeds.
For example, Bitter, one of our shelter cats pictured below, came to CCS with miliary dermatitis all over her face and was a very itchy girl. After a couple of months and some adjustments to find the right treatment, her skin improved, and she is now a happy, friendly and playful kitty enjoying her new home.
At Cat Care Society, every cat with a suspected allergy has an allergy waiver included in his or her records. This waiver provides potential adopters with insights into what they might expect if they adopt the cat and includes useful information to share with their veterinarian for developing a long-term allergy management plan. If a cat remains in CCS’ care long enough to show positive results from the allergy protocol, the waiver is updated with details about the cat’s response and the suspected allergy status. See the example allergy waiver below.
This cat is being treated for allergies. Allergies may have multiple causes, including food or environmental causes. While humans generally develop upper respiratory allergies (runny nose, watery eyes), cats tend to develop skin allergies which leads to itchiness and scratching, which can cause secondary infections. This cat is currently being managed with antibiotics to treat the secondary infection and a corticosteroid called prednisolone that treats the allergy itself. He has also been placed on a special diet to help control any underlying food allergies. He will likely need long-term, ongoing treatment to manage his condition, and his skin may never fully resolve to that of a normal cat. The goal for cats with allergies is to minimize itchiness/discomfort and minimize secondary bacterial infections of the skin. Cats with allergies will sometimes have “flare-ups” requiring additional veterinary care, even when allergies are generally well controlled. Please share these medical records with your veterinarian and discuss what long-term management strategy will be most effective for this cat; most likely, he will need long-term management with daily medications and a prescription diet.
This condition is likely to require ongoing care and management. Please consult your vet regarding ongoing monitoring and management of this condition. CCS is not responsible for any further diagnostics or treatment regarding this condition.
If your cat has a suspected food allergy, your vet may recommend a dietary elimination trial to remove common allergens. There are also blood tests your veterinarian can run to help identify your cat’s allergy trigger. Once the trigger has been identified, treatment is often manageable by simply avoiding or eliminating the trigger, such as a specific food ingredient or household product.
For flea allergies, regular use of a flea control product can effectively prevent flea bites. If your cat has seasonal environmental allergies, your veterinarian can recommend the best management approach based on your cat’s specific needs. Since there is no cure for allergies — only treatment of symptoms to improve quality of life — it is important to monitor your cat for flare-ups so treatment can be adjusted as needed.
Dr. Cecily Palamara, CCS’ lead veterinarian, shared the approach her team takes with cats in the shelter suspected of having allergies. First, cats are typically identified by excessive scratching and grooming. Those cats are put in a special room together and fed prescription allergy food. They’re also given Atopica, a medication that suppresses the immune system but is generally safer than steroids with fewer side effects.
If you visit CCS, you’ll notice that some of the cats are wearing cones or donuts to help prevent overgrooming, allowing their scabs and wounds to heal properly. CCS’ medical team uses this multipronged approach to help alleviate symptoms as soon as possible and to help make the cats feel more comfortable. And it has proven to be very successful.
“In the shelter, our main goal is to make these cats comfortable quickly, give them the best chance of adoption and show their adopter that it can be managed,” Dr. Palamara said.
Additionally, many times, CCS takes in cats with limited or no documented history, so it’s initially unclear if there’s a behavioral issue causing the overgrooming, such as anxiety, arthritis or FIC (Feline Idiopathic Cystitis). One CCS cat, Chief Benja, is a great example of this type of situation. At first, the CCS medical team wasn’t sure if his overgrooming and hair loss on his back was due to a behavior issue or underlying pain and discomfort. After a behavioral and pain medication didn’t make a difference, they switched to their full allergy protocol, and now he has a full, healthy coat. In the picture below, you can see the hair growing back on Chief Benja’s side and leg. He is now thriving in his new forever home!
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, an estimated 10% to 20% of the global population is allergic to cats, making cat allergies the second most common indoor respiratory allergy, after house dust mites. The rising rates of cat allergies align with the growing number of Google searches for “hypoallergenic cats” over the past two decades. For those interested in hypoallergenic options, Sphynx cats, which are hairless, are among the closest you can get to a hypoallergenic cat, although their effectiveness can vary from person to person. This is because allergies can also be triggered by proteins in cat saliva and cat dander (dead skin flakes), not just fur. Every person’s body and allergy response is different, so it’s best to consult with your doctor to identify your specific allergy triggers and find an appropriate solution.
Dr. Palamara shared some comforting words for anyone interested in adopting a cat with allergies — or someone who already has a cat with them! “Allergy cats can be very challenging, but they can also be very, very rewarding,” she said. “Don’t overlook these cats, even though they may be a little bit more intensive in terms of care. Our allergy room is my favorite right now because you walk in, sit on the ground, and all the cats come up and lay on you; they’re the sweetest kitties. Once you’ve educated yourself about what it entails to take care of one of these cats, it’s it is doable for a lot of people.”
If you suspect your cat has an allergy, visit our Veterinary and Medical Services resource page to find a vet for support. Check out other CCS blog posts related to cat health and medical care to stay informed about your cat’s wellness, and if this article sparked your interest in learning more about cat behavior, there are plenty of blog posts about that, too!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
In today’s busy world, finding time to contribute to causes we care about can be challenging. Workplace giving programs make this easy, offering a unique and impactful way to make a difference. These programs empower employees to support their favorite charities directly through their employers via automatic payroll deductions, fostering a culture of giving and a community of change-makers.
When you participate in workplace giving, you are able to easily support your favorite charities
Last year, Colorado employees made a significant difference in the lives and well-being of shelter cats! Thanks to these generous donors, the average gift amount made to local non-profits like us was $494 per contributor (source)!
When Cat Care Society receives donor contributions, we put the money directly into the care of our cats. Here are just some of the ways your dollars are at work:
The first step to participating as an employee is to check with your employer (try your supervisor or HR manager) to find out if they allow workplace giving and offer payroll deductions. If they do, you should receive a form where you can designate which charity you would like to support and how much of your paycheck should be deducted for donations. Then, you can rest assured that your funds are being provided to charities who need your support.
If your employer does not (yet) offer a workplace giving program, you can request that they offer it as a benefit! Encourage your colleagues to do the same; the more voices advocating for this benefit, the greater your chances are of getting it in place! Try out this sample template to send to your company’s HR contact:
Dear [HR Director Name],
One of the things I value most about [COMPANY NAME] is its commitment to community, and that is why I would like to suggest that we start a workplace giving campaign.
Workplace giving allows employees to make automated tax-deductible gifts through payroll deductions, and it is the highest yielding, lowest cost method of fundraising for non-profit organizations. In addition to boosting our company’s reputation and other benefits, workplace giving demonstrates [COMPANY NAME’s] support for the charitable interests of its employees, encourages teamwork and allows employees to assume ownership of a visible and important event.
Being able to give to charitable organizations that I care about through payroll deduction at the workplace is important to me, and I would appreciate it if our company would offer it.
Questions? Contact Ashleigh Leader, director of philanthropy, at aleader@catcaresociety.org or 303-237-4559 to learn more!
Cat Care Society has proudly participated in Community Shares of Colorado and the Combined Federal Campaign since 1997.
The following quotes are direct from the mouths of local state employees who participate in the Colorado Combined Campaign (CCC) about the positive community impact of workplace giving:
Together, Colorado employees can contribute to positive change in their communities, impacting lives and creating a better world. Start your contribution today!
Ever wonder how our shelter came to be? This is our origin story.
Cat Care Society (CCS) was founded in 1981 by Linda East, DVM and Lynn Rowe. It began on the second floor of East’s Lincoln Street cat-only veterinary clinic near downtown Denver and became an official 501(c)(3) federally tax exempt non-profit organization in October 1982.
In 1985, the founders purchased a small home at 11th and Harlan in Lakewood, which was converted and served as a shelter for the next 16 years. The house was sold when the shelter later relocated, but it still stands there today.
Kathy Macklem Hill was the organization’s first executive director, serving 20 years in total until January 2006. The first statistics collected in 1986 for eight months showed 146 adoptions, an average of 16 per month (compare this to our stats today!).
The current property was purchased as a parcel of land in the fall of 1994 to serve as a new cage-free cat shelter. It took much work to rezone the area from office to industrial use. A capital campaign was established to raise funds to build the shelter.
At this time, CCS only had three paid employees — a shelter manager, cleaner and a volunteer coordinator. The shelter manager also served as the vet tech, receptionist, adoption coordinator and fill-in cleaner, on call 24/7. The executive director volunteered her time at 60 to 80 hours a week. By this time, CCS was doing an average of 27 adoptions per month.
The small white house on the front of the property is the original farmhouse located on the property. In 1995, it was renovated to house a charity thrift store called Cajun’s Closet, named after CCS’ mascot at the time. Cajun was a large long-haired orange tabby in residence at the shop until 2002 when his health began to fail. After losing one eye and becoming blind in the other, it was time for him to retire. When the thrift shop closed, it was again remodeled for much-needed office space and now holds multiple administrative offices and some very special cats.
It took six years of grassroots fundraising from 1995 to 2001 to break ground on the $1.2 million, 10,000 square foot custom-built facility at 5787 W 6th Avenue in Lakewood. The shelter as we know it opened in 2001 and is where we still are today. The new building also allowed us to open our first in-shelter store, Meow Mart!
By 2002, adoptions increased to 862, an average of 72 per month.
In October 2005, we completed the lower level of the shelter and opened The Cat Clinic at Cat Care Society, which served both private-pay clients and low-income families. In 2018, the clinic was closed as it was no longer financially sustainable. However, the shelter cats are still taken care of in this area by our medical care team as all medical and treatment care remains in-house.
The first-ever Tails of the Painted Cats event was announced in 2010 and debuted in 2011, now heading into its 10th gala.
Learn more about us in this 40th-anniversary video produced by 9News Denver:
What do you remember of Cat Care Society’s early years? Share your memories and favorite moments in the comments!
Regular nail trims are an essential part of cat care, promoting both cat and human well-being while protecting your furniture, clothes and skin! However, it can be an anxiety-inducing task for everyone involved. Fortunately, there are many effective approaches to trimming your cat’s nails, and finding the right strategy can make the experience more manageable and less stressful for both you and your cat. Here, learn why nail trimming is important, when and how to trim a cat’s nails, and bonus tips for addressing issues that can arise from nails that would make even Freddy Krueger jealous.
Cats typically have 18 claws in total, with five on each front paw and four on each hind paw. The inner, shorter claw on the front paws is called a dewclaw. Unlike the other claws, dewclaws don’t usually touch the ground while walking. However, they still play a role in climbing and grabbing. Since they don’t wear down naturally, dewclaws need regular trimming alongside the other claws to prevent them from getting overgrown and uncomfortable.
If a cat’s nails grow too long, they can start to curve and may puncture their footpads, leading to discomfort, mobility issues and infections. Longer nails are also more likely to snag on soft surfaces, potentially hindering their ability to climb and causing injuries.
If you adopted your cat as a kitten, it’s a great idea to start getting into the habit of trimming right away so your cat gets used to it (not to mention, the kitten age is often when they are the most destructive!).
All claws, including dewclaws, need regular trimming, typically every 2-4 weeks for indoor cats. You may discover that your cat’s front paws need more frequent trimming than rear paws. Older or arthritic cats, who tend to be less active, often require more frequent trims compared to younger, more active cats. Additionally, older cats may develop thicker, brittle nails, further increasing the need for more frequent nail care.
We want to be clear that a nail trim is not the same as declawing. A nail trim for a cat is equivalent to humans trimming their fingernails. Declawing, on the other hand, is a surgical amputation of the last bone of each toe on a cat’s paw. In human terms, it would be akin to cutting off every finger at the first knuckle. Declawing should NEVER be used to prevent unwanted scratching.
Declawing has been found to cause behavioral and health issues, including back pain, litter box aversion and biting. It is banned or considered unethical in dozens of countries and states. In several U.S. cities, such as Denver, it is illegal to declaw cats!
Cat Care Society supports this ban. Scratching is a normal cat behavior that serves multiple purposes: removing dead husks from claws, marking territory visually and with scent glands, muscle stretching, and expressing energy and emotion. If you’re frustrated about your cat scratching furniture, starting with regular nail trims and positive reinforcement for using approved trees and posts is a great approach! We also share some other tips later in this article.
Most commonly, cat owners use a nail trimmer specifically designed for cats (or small dogs) like the one shown below. If the clippers are new, let your cat smell them first.
Before diving in, make sure your cat is in a comfortable position and relaxed. You can opt to be positioned behind your cat or holding them with both of you facing forward to make your cat more secure. You can also make it a two-person job and have one person hold the cat in a comfortable position while a second person trims the nails. If your cat is more experienced and/or super relaxed, you may find that you can position yourself in front of your cat.
Cats have retractable claws, so to trim them effectively, gently press on the top of their paw to extend the claw completely. Use your other hand to hold the clippers and get ready to trim. Only trim the white part of the claw. The pink part of the claw contains actual tissue and can cause pain if trimmed. The Kitten Lady has a great analogy: Just like when we trim our own fingernails, we only trim the white parts!
Continue trimming each claw on every paw. If your cat begins to get squirmy, take a break! It’s perfectly fine to trim their nails over multiple sessions. Be patient and offer praise or treats throughout to keep your cat calm and cooperative.
If your cat becomes very anxious or upset when having their paws touched and nails trimmed, you might find the “Kitty Burrito Method” helpful! All you need is a thick bath towel or blanket. Watch the video below for detailed instructions. Notice how the vet tech gently applies pressure from above to keep the cat secure.
Pro Tip: If you are unable to trim your cat’s nails for any reason, you can always find a groomer to do it. Many veterinarians and pet supply stores, such as Petco, Chuck & Don’s and PetSmart, offer nail trimming as a service.
There may be times when trimming a cat’s claws doesn’t completely solve the problem. Jake Confer, Cat Care Society’s shelter operations manager, recommends nail cap products like Soft Paws for situations when you want to ensure the safety of children or other animals from sharp claws. Claw caps can also help if a cat has skin issues and/or scratches themselves excessively. While it may take some time for the cat to adjust to the feeling of the caps on their claws, they do not interfere with nail growth or the cat’s natural ability to extend and retract their claws.
Other humane solutions for preventing cats from damaging furniture include using scratch barrier tape, applying deterrent spray to the area, and providing scratching toys that cater to your cat’s preferences. For instance, if your cat prefers scratching carpets, provide more scratching mats. If they scratch vertically on couch ends, add additional scratching posts. If you’re able to offer a catio space, that can also help deter inappropriate scratching.
Regular nail trimming for your cat is not just about protecting your furniture and skin — it’s a crucial part of their health and well-being. Fortunately, in most cases, nail trimming can become a manageable and stress-free experience for both you and your cat. Remember, it’s a gradual process that can be made easier with practice, patience and positive reinforcement.
Be sure to check out Cat Care Society’s Resources page to find cat behavior and cat medical specialists, and read more about other ways you can help maintain your cat’s well-being in other blog posts!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
If you have ever searched online for “Is ____ plant cat-safe?” only to be met with confusion or fear, or felt like you needed to choose between having cats OR plants in your home, this post is for you! While some plants are absolutely poisonous to cats, there are many beautiful cat-friendly plants and flowers that you can incorporate into your home.
In this guide, we’ll explore which plants to avoid and which ones are safe for your cat-friendly oasis. We’ll also share some tips on how to keep your curious kitty from turning your plants into a 24/7 salad bar.
Below is a list of common plants you absolutely want to avoid if you have a cat. From azaleas triggering heart failure to lilies causing kidney failure in just three days, caution is essential. Lilies, in particular, require special mention. Every part of the plant is toxic to cats, including stems, leaves, flowers, pollen and even the vase water. Simply brushing against lily pollen and then grooming themselves can trigger a dangerous reaction in cats.
If you have concerns that your cat ingested a poisonous substance (even beyond plants), contact the Animal Poison Control Center at 888-426-4435 or contact your veterinarian right away.
The plants below are considered toxic to cats and usually cause mild symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and temporary irritation of the mouth, throat and skin. The severity of these effects depends on how much of the plant is ingested and your cat’s unique biological sensitivity. To be on the safe side, it’s best to avoid keeping these plants in your home altogether.
Fortunately, there are plenty of cat-safe plants and flowers to brighten your home! While individual sensitivities can vary, the plants listed below are generally considered non-toxic and won’t cause serious problems if nibbled. However, if your cat experiences any digestive upset after contact with a plant, always consult your veterinarian for peace of mind.
Even if you only have cat-safe plants, it doesn’t necessarily mean you want your cats chewing on them. Fortunately, there are some easy ways to deter them from making a meal out of your marigolds!
The research isn’t totally clear on why cats have an instinct to eat grass and greens. Some theories suggest plants may soothe upset stomachs, aid digestion or offer missing nutrients. It could also simply mean that they’re bored. Enrich their environment through play, cat TV, treat-dispensing toys and adding or switching up their vertical territory. This can help keep your cat stimulated and your houseplants safe.
With a little planning and creativity, you can create a harmonious home for both your cat and your houseplants. It is important to note that while you will carefully choose cat-safe plants for your home, your neighbors’ yards and gardens might include hazardous plants, making it one of the many good reasons to keep your cat indoors.
If you have concerns that your cat ingested a poisonous substance (even beyond plants), you can contact the Animal Poison Control Center at 888-426-4435. They also offer a huge database of plants that are toxic and non-toxic to cats, including less common plants, shrubs, and trees. However, if you think your cat ingested one of the more poisonous plants, be sure to take them to your veterinarian right away or locate an emergency vet clinic near you.
Finally, to ensure your new cat and plant paradise remains safe, share your newfound knowledge and this article with family and friends. That way, you can avoid well-meaning but potentially poisonous gifts like bouquets!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
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The Cat Care Society is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. Our tax identification number is 84-0869447.
