Is your cat constantly scratching or grooming themselves? Allergies could be the cause.
Just like humans, cats can suffer from food allergies, environmental allergies such as pollen, dander, mold, feathers, cleaning solutions, etc., as well as flea allergies. The incidence of allergies in cats has been rising, and determining the specific allergen can require some detective work and assistance from your vet.
In this post, we’ll explore the complexities of identifying cat allergies, discuss treatment options and share an inside look at how Cat Care Society (CCS) handles allergies in our shelter cats.
Allergy Symptoms in Cats
Regardless of the allergy trigger, the most common sign a cat has an allergy is itchy skin, which often leads to excessive scratching and overgrooming (or licking themselves, sometimes to the point that you may notice bald patches or hair loss, maybe even infection).
In most cats, flea bites cause only minor irritation in cats. However, if a cat has a flea allergy, it can trigger a severe reaction, resulting in excessive scratching, hair loss and the development of sores and scabs. Food and environmental allergies can cause similar symptoms of overgrooming and scratching. These open sores can become infected with bacteria, creating an even more significant issue. The scabs, known as miliary dermatitis, are named for their resemblance to millet seeds.
For example, Bitter, one of our shelter cats pictured below, came to CCS with miliary dermatitis all over her face and was a very itchy girl. After a couple of months and some adjustments to find the right treatment, her skin improved, and she is now a happy, friendly and playful kitty enjoying her new home.
What to Consider When Adopting a Cat with a Potential Allergy
At Cat Care Society, every cat with a suspected allergy has an allergy waiver included in his or her records. This waiver provides potential adopters with insights into what they might expect if they adopt the cat and includes useful information to share with their veterinarian for developing a long-term allergy management plan. If a cat remains in CCS’ care long enough to show positive results from the allergy protocol, the waiver is updated with details about the cat’s response and the suspected allergy status. See the example allergy waiver below.
Cat Care Society’s Allergy Waiver
This cat is being treated for allergies. Allergies may have multiple causes, including food or environmental causes. While humans generally develop upper respiratory allergies (runny nose, watery eyes), cats tend to develop skin allergies which leads to itchiness and scratching, which can cause secondary infections. This cat is currently being managed with antibiotics to treat the secondary infection and a corticosteroid called prednisolone that treats the allergy itself. He has also been placed on a special diet to help control any underlying food allergies. He will likely need long-term, ongoing treatment to manage his condition, and his skin may never fully resolve to that of a normal cat. The goal for cats with allergies is to minimize itchiness/discomfort and minimize secondary bacterial infections of the skin. Cats with allergies will sometimes have “flare-ups” requiring additional veterinary care, even when allergies are generally well controlled. Please share these medical records with your veterinarian and discuss what long-term management strategy will be most effective for this cat; most likely, he will need long-term management with daily medications and a prescription diet.
This condition is likely to require ongoing care and management. Please consult your vet regarding ongoing monitoring and management of this condition. CCS is not responsible for any further diagnostics or treatment regarding this condition.
If your cat has a suspected food allergy, your vet may recommend a dietary elimination trial to remove common allergens. There are also blood tests your veterinarian can run to help identify your cat’s allergy trigger. Once the trigger has been identified, treatment is often manageable by simply avoiding or eliminating the trigger, such as a specific food ingredient or household product.
For flea allergies, regular use of a flea control product can effectively prevent flea bites. If your cat has seasonal environmental allergies, your veterinarian can recommend the best management approach based on your cat’s specific needs. Since there is no cure for allergies — only treatment of symptoms to improve quality of life — it is important to monitor your cat for flare-ups so treatment can be adjusted as needed.
How Cat Care Society Manages Cats with Allergies
Dr. Cecily Palamara, CCS’ lead veterinarian, shared the approach her team takes with cats in the shelter suspected of having allergies. First, cats are typically identified by excessive scratching and grooming. Those cats are put in a special room together and fed prescription allergy food. They’re also given Atopica, a medication that suppresses the immune system but is generally safer than steroids with fewer side effects.
If you visit CCS, you’ll notice that some of the cats are wearing cones or donuts to help prevent overgrooming, allowing their scabs and wounds to heal properly. CCS’ medical team uses this multipronged approach to help alleviate symptoms as soon as possible and to help make the cats feel more comfortable. And it has proven to be very successful.
“In the shelter, our main goal is to make these cats comfortable quickly, give them the best chance of adoption and show their adopter that it can be managed,” Dr. Palamara said.
Additionally, many times, CCS takes in cats with limited or no documented history, so it’s initially unclear if there’s a behavioral issue causing the overgrooming, such as anxiety, arthritis or FIC (Feline Idiopathic Cystitis). One CCS cat, Chief Benja, is a great example of this type of situation. At first, the CCS medical team wasn’t sure if his overgrooming and hair loss on his back was due to a behavior issue or underlying pain and discomfort. After a behavioral and pain medication didn’t make a difference, they switched to their full allergy protocol, and now he has a full, healthy coat. In the picture below, you can see the hair growing back on Chief Benja’s side and leg. He is now thriving in his new forever home!
Humans with Allergies to Cats
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, an estimated 10% to 20% of the global population is allergic to cats, making cat allergies the second most common indoor respiratory allergy, after house dust mites. The rising rates of cat allergies align with the growing number of Google searches for “hypoallergenic cats” over the past two decades. For those interested in hypoallergenic options, Sphynx cats, which are hairless, are among the closest you can get to a hypoallergenic cat, although their effectiveness can vary from person to person. This is because allergies can also be triggered by proteins in cat saliva and cat dander (dead skin flakes), not just fur. Every person’s body and allergy response is different, so it’s best to consult with your doctor to identify your specific allergy triggers and find an appropriate solution.
Cats With Allergies Are Nothing to Sneeze At
Dr. Palamara shared some comforting words for anyone interested in adopting a cat with allergies — or someone who already has a cat with them! “Allergy cats can be very challenging, but they can also be very, very rewarding,” she said. “Don’t overlook these cats, even though they may be a little bit more intensive in terms of care. Our allergy room is my favorite right now because you walk in, sit on the ground, and all the cats come up and lay on you; they’re the sweetest kitties. Once you’ve educated yourself about what it entails to take care of one of these cats, it’s it is doable for a lot of people.”
If you suspect your cat has an allergy, visit our Veterinary and Medical Services resource page to find a vet for support. Check out other CCS blog posts related to cat health and medical care to stay informed about your cat’s wellness, and if this article sparked your interest in learning more about cat behavior, there are plenty of blog posts about that, too!
About the Author: Beth Dokolasa is a volunteer for Cat Care Society and served on the organization’s junior board. She is an instructional developer for Natural Grocers and lives in Indian Hills, Colo., with her husband, young daughter, and two cats, Techno and Digit.
